Appropriate Wildlife Management in Nicaragua Essay examples

Nicaragua is a Central American country in tropical region. It is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Because of the unique location, Nicaragua is the home for various types of wild animals. Two species I will mention in this paper are Baird’s tapir and jaguarundi. They both live in rainforest ecosystem, which is the natural home for them. Just as all other species live in Nicaragua rainforest, Baird’s tapir and jaguarundi are facing habitat loss issue. Baird’s tapir is now endangered; jaguarundi is currently not endangered but also suffer a lot from deforestation. Putting in more effort to protect rainforest is one thing Nicaraguan government should do. Long term benefits that rainforest and wild animals live in†¦show more content†¦Nicaragua is the second poorest country of the western hemisphere and the poorest country in Central America. Issues with poverty are mainly all Nicaragua cares right now. Environmental issues such as defo restation are generally ignored by the government because these problems are considered not urgent enough. However, the government cannot neglect the importance of stopping deforestation. It is obviously vital to this country. Tourism is a major part of Nicaragua’s economy. Deforestation is threatening this rising part of economy. Without the terrific environment and so many wild animals, this is no way for tourism to keep developing in the future. Therefore, protecting rainforest is not only critical for protecting wild animals, but also critical for protecting the future of Nicaraguan economy. If the government do not take real actions, it will be the doom for wild animals like Baird’s tapir in near future. Nicaragua is a poor country, but it still has an advantage about rainforest and wildlife. Now it is slowly losing this advantage. Rainforest and wildlife should be the symbol and hope for this country. Nicaragua cannot afford to lose them. They are simply priceles s. There are many actions the Nicaraguan government should take in order to save rainforest. Firstly, setting agreement with localShow MoreRelatedA Briefing Document For Wwf On The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Payment For Ecosystem Services Essay1974 Words   |  8 Pagesthe practices and policies of the land-use sector. 3. Management Phase - Undertake and co-ordinate actions. - Examples of actions taken by the management: introducing a social marketing strategy, reforestation projects for carbon credits. An example of PES in Madagascar Madagascar has the highest number of endemic primate species in the world and is a biodiversity hotspot for conservation (Ganzhorn et al., 2001). In 2000 Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust established a project working with theRead MoreTourism Planning5855 Words   |  24 Pagesstudy of Costa Rica and how it has developed into an ecotourism destination. 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Me Against the Media Free Essays

I stroll into my Critical Media Studies classroom, drinking an icy bottle of Pepsi and wearing a Nike baseball cap. A few of my students glance up from their cell phones and iPods long enough to notice me. â€Å"Um, nice hat,† someone comments. We will write a custom essay sample on Me Against the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Thank you,† I say. â€Å"Today’s class is proudly sponsored by Nike, a strong advocate of education. When it comes to education, Nike says, ‘Just do it! ’. † I take a swig of my Pepsi. â€Å"Can you guess who else is sponsoring our class today? The few students who have actually done the reading chuckle because they know that today’s class is about the pervasiveness of consumerism in popular culture and in the schools. Over the years, I’ve resorted to lots of gimmicks like these in my quest to teach students about consumerism. I try to make my students more aware of how the media naturalize consumerism through advertisements, product placement, and especially through advertiser-friendly programming. You might be surprised to hear that I find this to be the single most difficult topic to teach. I teach about many controversial media issues — ownership, violence, race and gender representation — and students contemplate these topics enthusiastically. But when it comes to consumerism, it’s a brick wall. Five minutes into any such discussion, I brace myself for the inevitable chorus of, â€Å"Oh, come on. It’s just a bunch of ads. † Corporations and advertising executives should rejoice, as this reticence of young people to think critically about the role of consumerism is money in their pockets. Advertisers have always coveted the 18-34 year old group—the legions of the so-called â€Å"Age of Acquisition† who have few established brand loyalties and lots of pocket change. Today’s Generation Y youth, born roughly between 1977 and 1997, are especially desirable because they are the children of Baby Boomers, and therefore represent a population explosion. Run the term â€Å"Generation Y† through a search engine, and you’ll find dozens of sites with information about how companies can take advantage of this marketing gold mine. Multinational corporations are deeply invested in the collective consumer choices of my students. When my students fail to show concern, these corporations become all the more powerful. So why is it that Generation Y is so uncritical of consumerism? I offer you this report from the trenches, from my college classroom in Fort Collins, Colorado, with my insight into how students view consumerism and why lack concern. I also discuss how I have addressed these attitudes. My hope is that media activists of all stripes can draw upon my experience. To demonstrate to my students how media content itself naturalizes consumerism, I used to show my students a clip from the movie Father of the Bride. In this clip, the father is horrified that his daughter wants him to spend about $130,000 on her wedding. He would prefer to have a simple wedding reception at the local Steak Pit, but the whole family rejects this idea. Even the adolescent son understands this is â€Å"unacceptable†; he comments, â€Å"I don’t think you want the word ‘pit’ on a wedding invitation. When he complains that his first car cost less than the wedding cake, the wedding coordinators bursts into laughter and says, â€Å"Welcome to the ‘90s. † After the daughter agrees to downsize the wedding, her father discovers her, asleep, reading a magazine article with tips on how to throw a budget wedding. Suddenly ashamed of himself, he agrees to fund the extravagant wedding. Dad learns his lesson, so to speak. Consumerism-fueled e xpectations may be outrageous, but they are necessary, and failure to adhere to these expectations is silly, miserly, and downright unloving. I quit showing this clip. It didn’t work. Oh, they got the point, that media content often promotes the agenda of advertisers. Unfortunately, the clip would inevitably lead to a version of the following discussion. A female student raises her hand shyly and says, â€Å"I understand why this is bad, but I want a big wedding. † A dozen ponytailed heads nod in harmony. â€Å"I mean, not as big as the one in the movie,† someone responds, â€Å"but you know, the flowers, the cake, the dress, the ring, all that stuff. I’ve daydreamed about my wedding since I was a little girl. † Me too,† the first student says, and frowns. â€Å"Does that make me a bad person? † Therein lies the trouble. The dreams, the memories, the rites of passage of Generation Y — all of these are intertwined intricately with consumerism. By placing wedding consumption under scrutiny, this student feels like she is being attacked personally, because her sentimental dream of a wedding is linked so closely to products. To this Generation Y student, the suggestion there is something wrong with consumerism is akin to the suggestion that there is something wrong with her. While all of us in the post-war Western world have grown up with the association between happiness and consumption, this association is all the more powerful with Generation Y. They have grown up with unlimited advertising and limited models of social consciousness or activism. Let’s look at the experiences of my students, a fairly typical U. S. American sample of Generation Y. Their happiest childhood memories are thoroughly linked to consumption. They were born in the 1980s under the Reagan administration, when two important trends in children’s television occurred. Reagan, ever the media deregulator, relaxed requirements for educational programming at the same time as he relaxed restrictions on adverting to children. This helped bring forth a new marketing strategy—which Tom Engelhardt has called the â€Å"Shortcake Strategy† — in which children’s television shows were created for the exclusive purpose of marketing large collections of children’s toys. The prized childhood memories of Generation Y are filled with these shows and toys: Strawberry Shortcake, He-Man, the Care Bears. Discussing the politics of this kind of marketing with students is even harder than discussing wedding excess. A student once wrote in my teacher evaluation, â€Å"Great class, but please don’t go hating on Strawberry Shortcake. † And then there was high school. This is the first generation that came of age in the era of rampant advertising in the schools, as well as Channel One, the news program piped into schools complete with advertisements. As a Generation Xer who graduated from high school in 1988, I recall very few ads in school. A relatively short time later, the hallways, lunchrooms, and sports facilities f cash-strapped schools frequently are sponsored by corporations. When I ask students if this happened in their schools, they supply never-ending examples: stadiums dotted by Nike swooshes, lunchrooms filled with Pizza Hut and Chic Fil-A, a back-to-school party sponsored by Outback Steakhouse, even book covers sponsored by corporations. Then, of course, thereâ €™s the prom. Eschewed by some of my Gen X counterparts, the prom is back and bigger than ever, teaching future brides and grooms important lessons about gowns, limos, and flowers. Oh, and ask a Generation Y member which mall he or she grew up in, and you may well get an answer. In addition, many young people don’t take consumerism seriously because they feel that as individuals, it does not affect them. As media activists like Jean Kilbourne have argued, this illusion that advertising affects â€Å"everybody else but me† is nothing new, but I think this is even more the case with Generation Y. I find that young people have a hard time understanding media effects in any way other than their own experience. Students claim violence in the media doesn’t matter because they grew up playing Doom and they didn’t turn out violent. Or they claim that unrealistic images of women in the media do matter because they know a lot of girls with eating disorders. Young people don’t seem to have a language for understanding that the media doesn’t just affect us on an individual level — the media impact society politically, economically, and ideologically. A student might dismiss ads in his high school by saying they did not affect him. But nonetheless, the proliferation of ads in high schools have affected U. S. American culture as a whole — and that’s what young people do not seem to understand. Again, this individualistic way of looking at media effects isn’t entirely new, especially in an individualistic culture like the United States, where social scientists for years have been obsessed with trying to draw links between individual behavior and the media. But Generation Y is a particularly individualistic cohort. The Me Generation is back. Just like in the 1970s, young people are frightened and disgusted with current events and have retreated away from politics, with their iPods, Playstations, and all the other isolating technology the consumer market can offer. But the 1970s were different because the 1960s didn’t die overnight. Me Generation or not, the language of activism was still spoken in the 1970s, and in fact many young people were involved in movements such as Women’s Liberation. To what activist language has Generation Y been exposed? It’s three years into their own Vietnam, and Generation Y isn’t exactly flooding the streets with protestors. Often students tell me that they find politics to be boring and irrelevant to their own experiences. In other words, it’s pretty hard to engage a group of young people in a discussion of the political implications of consumerism when they are not engaged in politics much at all. Consumerism is a personal choice, and most of my students cannot see beyond that. They shop at Wal-Mart because it’s cheap, and buy coffee at Starbucks because they like the mochas. Sweatshops? Globalization? It’s not so much that young people don’t care about these things (though many don’t). Rather, they haven’t been taught to think of consumerism as something that extends beyond their own enjoyable trip to the mall, or that their personal consumer decisions are political. To me, perhaps the most frustrating argument students make about consumerism is that it shouldn’t be a societal concern because â€Å"it’s the parents’ responsibility. † Parents are responsible for refusing to buy their kids $200 basketball shoes, for making sure they eat a healthy lunch in the cafeteria, and for instilling values that, according to my students, will somehow make their children immune to the effects of advertisements. This argument disturbs me in part because very few of my students are parents, and in part because they seem to show no compassion for kids who have parents unwilling or unable to be this active in their kids’ development. But most of all, this disturbs me because it places corporations off the hook for the effects they have on society. It doesn’t matter how or to whom a company markets their products; it only matters how parents raise their children. Once again, consumerism becomes the business of individual families, not society. So, what can media activists do? I think the first step is to find ways to appeal to members of this generation on the level of the individual. Young people might not care about plight of a Nike worker in Vietnam or a Wal-Mart worker in Houston. They may, however, be concerned with how credit card companies lure in college students, or how college bookstores jack up prices needlessly, or how car insurance companies charge young people exorbitant amounts. When I ask students to give examples of how corporations have screwed them over personally, the room fills up with raised hands. This is a good way to show young people that although consumerism has brought them happiness in their lives, it has also brought them problems. A second activist strategy of reaching Generation Y is to find examples of popular culture that promote consumption. Generation Y is all about popular culture. I’ve found that my students are amenable to discussions about how advertisers and media producers consciously create media content that â€Å"trains† young people to be consumers. Young people need to know that corporations see them as a market to manipulate, and often will respond to this argument, because who wants to be manipulated? The trick is to find popular culture texts they relate to that have a strong pro-consumerism bent. No, don’t show them Father of the Bride, but one thing I have shown with more success to my students is the â€Å"Pottery Barn† episode of Friends. In this episode, Rachel lies to her roommate Phoebe and tells her their new furniture is antique. Actually, it came from Pottery Barn, but Phoebe hates commercial furniture. Rachel is caught in her lie at when the two walk by Pottery Barn and see most of the furniture in the display window. But then Phoebe sees a lamp in the window and decides she must buy it. Phoebe learns her lesson. Commercial furniture is good. Another good source of pro-consumerism media is reality television, a favorite of students and chock filled with product placement. A third strategy is simply to get young people to talk to their parents about their experiences growing up and how people â€Å"back in the day† felt about corporate power and consumerism. These are the children of Baby Boomers, after all, so even if they haven’t been around activism, their parents have. One of my favorite assignments is one in which I have students interview older family members about popular culture and their past experiences. Students love this assignment. So, there’s hope. When I wear my Nike hat to class, some of the students get it, and inevitably, a student stops by my office at the end of the semester and announces she has stopped going to Starbucks. But this is no easy task, and activists would be well advised to work on the issue of Generation Y and consumerism. The advertisers are certainly paying attention to Generation Y, and so should we. How to cite Me Against the Media, Papers

Marketing Management Stp Model - Free Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Management for Stp Model. Answer: Introduction: This essay is designed to develop understanding about the different aspects of marketing such as segmentation, targeting and positioning. These aspects are interrelated and play a crucial role in designing marketing mix of the organization. In marketing, these aspects are also known as STP model for strategic planning. In success of IKEA Furniture Company and Johnson Johnson pharmaceutical company, the STP strategic model has played an important role. By the help of this model, these companies expanded their business and attained success in the market. The STP model helped these companies to achieve their strategic business goals and objectives. In the present era, segmentation, targeting and positioning are very important aspects of marketing. These aspects are also known as STP model or strategic approach in marketing mix. This model helps marketer in designing marketing communication plan for the business (Donald and Dunbar, 2012). The different concepts of STP model are discussed as below: The term segmentation in marketing refers to a process of dividing a large homogenous market in smaller market segments on basis of different characteristics such as geographic territories, customer wants, needs, income level and demand. This process starts with identification of the bases for segmenting the market and provides market profiles for a particular business (Weinstein, 2013). Through market segmentation, companies may serve customers effectively and efficiently with unique product and services in its target market. Targeting is a marketing strategy, through which a marketer assortments the potential customers to sell its product and services (Lamb et al, 2011). In targeting strategy, certain demographic groups are identified by the marketer, which include age, gender, income, geographic area, household size and various ethnic groups. Under targeting, companies focus on identification of most suitable market segment for their business. There are different bases, which can be used by companies for selection of best market segment such as size and potential growth scope. PEST analysis model can be used to identify different opportunities and threats associated with particular market segment. In marketing, the positioning concept is a strategy, through which the marketer occupies a clear and unique position of its products in consumers mind (Moran and Hunt, 2014). It is helpful in creating a brand and service identity in the target market. In positioning strategy, a marketer uses different promotional activities to develop a position in the market and develops a marketing mix for each segment of market. Johnson Johnson is a leading pharmaceutical company of world. This company manufactures almost every product, which is required for a baby. The different aspects of STP model are used by this company, the detail of which is as below: Segmentation: Johnson Johnson Company is a well known brand in human care products. It divides its business in to main three segments such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and consumer products. It operates its business in more than 60 countries and sales products in 200 countries. In pharmaceutical segments, the company is dedicated to solve and address important needs of medical firms including immunology, oncology, infectious diseases, neuroscience, cardiovascular, hepatitis and metabolic diseases. Johnson Johnson is also dedicated to its customers to develop sustainable and integrated healthcare solutions for humanity, which is based on trust and transparency (Kampamba, 2015). In medical device segment, this company produces a range of devices, which are usable by healthcare practitioners in field of neurological diseases, diabetes care, cardiovascular disease, orthopedics, infection prevention and aesthetics. Moreover, the consumer segment of Johnson Johnson contains a big range of products that are used in skin care, baby care, oral care and womens health care as well as different pharmaceutical products (Kim et al., 2015). These consumer segment products are sold through retail outlets across the world. Targeting: In general targeting refers to selection of the target customers for particular goods or services. The target customers of Johnson Johnson Company are range of customer groups belonging to different age, gender and ethnic groups. There are some issues for Johnson Johnson like competitors or substitutes products but, the trust of people on this brand makes it easy to achieve targets in the market. Johnson Johnson targets hospitals, doctors, wholesalers, healthcare professionals and retailers through its medical and healthcare product range (Johnson and Johnson, 2016). Under targeting, Johnson and Johnson can choose appropriate market segment for its products according to nature/characteristics of market and product nature. For example, a geographical region or country with large strengths of baby births and population of babies can be appropriate market segment for baby product segment of the company. Positioning: Under positioning, a company tries to identify ways or strategies for positioning its products and services in the market. Under positioning, a company offers something extra, better and more valuable than rest of market players before customers in a target market. Johnson Johnson tries to influence consumers mind is excellent way through quality of products. This company focuses to bring value for the people by new and innovative products (Leucht et al, 2012). The company is operating more than 134 manufacturing facilities with eight innovative research centers to secure its business position in the market. Strategic planning of Johnson Johnson is excellent that meets all the expectations of human care and makes a strong position in the market. IKEA uses three types of segmentation strategies for its business such as demographic, geographic and psychographic segmentation. Through use of demographic segmentation, company studies feasibility of a particular market through review demographic factors such as population size, life style of people, urban and sub-urban distribution of population, income level and age group. Under geographic segmentation, the company divides its whole market into geographic regions such as European market, Asian markets etc. IKEA is an international brand in furniture industry (Johnson and Johnson, 2016). This company is expanding its business in different countries through different marketing strategies. In this context market segmentation, targeting and positioning also used by the company as strategic tools. IKEA used market segmentation strategy by dividing the market in different submarket to provide its services effectively and efficiently. IKEA classified its customers as middle class, young and upward who prefer low price products (Sequeira, 2016). Therefore, the company described its market on the basis of different aspects such as; demographic, geographic, psychographic and gender. Moreover, the income level and average age is expected to rise in developed countries but the target segmentation of IKEA is young and low to middle income families which are expected to small in size. For this reason, the targeting strategy of IKEA is mainly focused on middle income families. IKEA designs its marketing efforts according to this customer segment. The product range offered by IKEA is not limited to households. It means, the target customers of IKEA cannot be said to be households or families only (IKEA, 2016). The company deals in furniture for home as well as offices. For this reason, the business entities like property developers, real estate firms can also be target customers (i.e. business customers) for IKEA. In this context, it would be very productive for IKEA to target every target customer including households, offices and real-estate, property developers (Barton, 2015). This would be effective to improve effectiveness of marketing efforts of company. In this context, IKEA can offer different offers for households and business customers. Overall, the market positioning statement of IKEA is Your partner in better living. We do our part, you do yours. Together we save money. IKEA focuses on creation of its position in the market through the use of effective marketing mix aspects such as high quality products, price, place and promotional offers. Marketing team of company collects different data about customers perception to develop and secure the position of company in target market. For this, the company is increasing investment in advertisements, sales locations and psychology of low pricing in market (Brown et al., 2012). Through low price and high quality of products, the company has achieved a good position in furniture industry. Furthermore, IKEA provides the furniture to its customers at lowest price with better quality to make a good brand position in target market. One best way that can be taken into account by management of IKEA for improving its value position is the identification of wants and expectations of particular market segment or target customers (Barton, 2015). After this, it is duty of management to find out ways and value propositions, in which it can meet the requirements of target market in better way as compared to other market players. This can prove to be effective for attainment of competitive business position in market. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that market segmentation, targeting and positioning are critical business practices that are needed by every organization for accomplishment of future business goals timely and successfully. This essay has also concluded that the consumers expect products with high quality at low and competitive market price. So, the companies need to focus on cost controlling techniques to ensure availability of products at low market price without compromising with quality aspects. References Barton, L. (2015). Active Positioning: The Importance of Relevancy,Journal of Marketing Perspectives Volume I, 48-58. Brown, S., McDonagh, P. and Shultz, C. (2012). Dark marketing: ghost in the machine or skeleton in the cupboard,European Business Review,24(3), 196-215. Donald, M. and Dunbar, L. (2012). Market Segmentation: How to Do It and How to Profit from I. USA: John Wiley Sons. Ikea(2016)Home Office Furniture: Who says you cant mix business with pleasure?. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/catalog/categories/departments/workspaces/ (Accessed: 25 August 2016). Johnson and Johnson (2016) Johnson and Johnson. [Online]. Available at: https://www.jnjindia.com/ (Accessed: 25 August 2016). Kampamba, J. (2015). An Analysis of the Potential Target Market through the Application of the STP Principle/Model,Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(4), 324-356. Kim, M., Cardinal, B. J. and Cardinal, M. K. (2015). Diversifying Physical Activity Course Curricula to Meet Institutional Expectations and Satisfy Student Needs in Higher Education: An Introductory Framework,Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance,86(9), 5-8. Lamd, C., Hair, J. and Mcdaniel, C. (2011). Essentials of Marketing. USA: Cengage Learning. Leucht, S., Tardy, M., Komossa, K., Heres, S., Kissling, W., Salanti, G. and Davis, J. M. (2012). Antipsychotic drugs versus placebo for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis,The Lancet,379(9831), 2063-2071. Moran, M. and Hunt, B. (2014). Search Engine Marketing, Inc.: Driving Search Traffic to Your Company's Website. USA: IBM Press. Sequeira, M. (2016).Marketing case study How to build strong brands in emerging countries, 3(5), 23-36. Weinstein, A. (2013). Handbook of Market Segmentation: Strategic Targeting for Business and Technology Firms. USA: Routledge.